India to Conduct First Caste-Inclusive Census Since 1931 in 2027

India is set to undertake its first nationwide caste-inclusive census since 1931, commencing in two phases starting October 1, 2026, in snow-bound regions and March 1, 2027, across the rest of the country. Delayed from 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this digital-first census will collect comprehensive demographic data, including caste information, which is expected to influence welfare policies, political representation, and the allocation of parliamentary seats. The inclusion of caste data has been a contentious issue, with proponents arguing it is essential for addressing systemic inequalities, while critics express concerns about potential social tensions.